Research & Publications

Geographical analysis of the chemical bombardment of the city of Halabja and its impact on the size of its population

Adl Sdiq Ali، هەورامان کەمال میرزا، Miqdad Omer Abdulla

The title of this study is )Geographical analysis of the chemical bombardment of the city of Halabja and its impact on the size of its population(، and the site of the study is the city of Halabja in 1988، as a geographical location located in northeastern Iraq، east of the Kurdistan region، and the center of Halabja governorate. Due to the effectiveness of military operations، including bombing with weapons of mass destruction، they are in the field of research. The importance of the study lies in determining the changes that occur in the size of the population due to the impact of military operations، including bombing with weapons of mass destruction، in the field of research. The purpose of this study is to show the geographical distribution of bombs dropped by Iraqi government warplanes on the region on March 16، 1988، and how they affected the size of the population and the migration and displacement of its population outside their territory، especially to Iran. Research methodology is the nature of research that seeks to make use of descriptive and analytical methods. The structure of the research is divided into three main axes: the first topic is dedicated to determining the field of research and information about chemical weapons and their types used in the city of Halabja، in the second axis we refer to population growth، and the third topic is the geographical distribution of chemical bombs and their effects. The results of the study found that most of the bombs were aimed at the city of Halabja and some hit the main exit roads and surrounding villages، causing the death and injury of thousands of people and the displacement of tens of thousands of people from the city and the region outside their areas. Finally، we discussed the impact of chemical bombs and their remnants after 1988، which led to the destruction of the city and the decline in the size of the city's population، due to the fears and fears of the residents of the area about the remains of these archaeological sites، or because they were unable to return to their homeland for any other reason